Importance of Switching System in Telecommunication

There is an important role of the switching system in the field of telecommunication. Switching System is defined as the system which is generally used to establish a connection between entities and outlets.

The other important function of the switching system is to establish and release the call made by the user.

The switching system is mainly divided into two major headings. They are termed as manual switching system and the automatic switching system. And, the automatic switching system is also classified into two parts. They are known as electromechanical switching system and the electronic switching system. The electromechanical switching system is further divided into step-by-step switching system and the crossbar switching system.

Also, the electronic switching system is further divided into space division and time division switching system. The time division switching system is also classified under two headings. They are digital and analog time division switching system. But, the digital time division switching system is quite different than that of analog one because the digital is of three types. They are space, time and combination types of digital time division switching system.

In the manual switching system, the establishment and releasing of call are performed by the human operator. Therefore, this type of switching system is called the manual switching system. And, the human operator is replaced by the machine in the automatic switching system to establish and release the call made by the user. All the controlling and signaling function are operated by the machine. There is no need for a human operator in this type of switching system.

In an electromechanical switching system, there is the presence of electromagnet which is used to operate the mechanical parts of the switching system. This type of electromechanical switching system is classified into a step-by-step and crossbar switching system. In the step-by-step switching system, there is the presence of switching elements like uniselector and two-motion selector to control the circuits associated with the switching system.

And, the array of horizontal and vertical for the horizontal & vertical contact points in the crossbar switching system is used to establish and release call by the help of various wires. This type of switching system is also known as the cross-point switching system.

In an electronic switching system, the establishment and release of calls & other control functions are operated with the help of a computer or strong processor. The electronics switching system is also called the stored program control switching system. It is of two types: space division and time division. The space division switching system performs various functions with the help of a dedicated path which occurs between the call.

But, the time division switching system performs various functions by transmitting sampled values of signals. The sampled values of signals are transmitted at the fixed interval.

The time division switching system is of two types: digital and analog. In the analog time division switching system, the switching function is performed by transmitting sampled voltage levels at a particular interval. But, in the digital time division switching system, all the switching functions are performed with the help of binary coded data. The binary coded data is transmitted at a fixed interval for the establishment and release of the call.

As we know that digital time division switching system is classified into space, time and combination digital switching; all have the same importance in the digital switching. The binary coded values are transmitted during the same interval in space digital switching and the coded values are transmitted at the fixed interval in the time digital switching. The combined function of time and space digital switching is termed as combination digital switching.

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